大型航空模型（翼展超 2 米）對材質的重量、強度、韌性要求嚴苛，需兼顧氣動性能與結構穩定。以下從核心部件解析其關鍵材質。

　　Large aviation models (wingspan exceeding 2 meters) have strict requirements for the weight, strength, and toughness of materials, and need to balance aerodynamic performance and structural stability. The following analyzes the key materials of the core components.

　　結構框架：承重與輕量化平衡

　　Structural framework: balance between load-bearing and lightweight

　　碳纖維復合材料是主流選擇，由碳纖維絲與環氧樹脂復合而成，強度高、重量輕，比鋼材輕 40% 以上，可根據機翼、機身受力特點調整纖維走向，特別適合 3 米以上翼展模型，能減少 20% 結構重量。

　　Carbon fiber composite material is the mainstream choice, composed of carbon fiber filaments and epoxy resin composite, with high strength and light weight, more than 40% lighter than steel. The fiber direction can be adjusted according to the force characteristics of the wing and fuselage, especially suitable for wingspan models over 3 meters, which can reduce the structural weight by 20%.

　　輕木與層壓木材適合手工制作。巴爾沙木質軟質勻，常做機翼肋條與尾翼骨架，配合云杉木條制作主梁；層壓木材彎曲性能優異，抗剪切強度是單一木材的 1.5-2 倍，成本僅為碳纖維的 1/5。

　　Light wood and laminated wood are suitable for handmade production. Balsa wood is soft and uniform, often used for wing ribs and tail fin frames, and combined with spruce wood strips to make the main beam; Laminated wood has excellent bending performance, with shear strength 1.5-2 times that of single wood, and a cost only 1/5 of carbon fiber.

　　鋁合金型材用于承重部件，6061-T6 鋁合金做起落架與發動機固定座，耐腐蝕性強；7075 鋁合金硬度更高，適合機翼與機身連接軸，配合不銹鋼螺栓實現快速裝配。

　　Aluminum alloy profiles are used for load-bearing components, and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy is used for landing gear and engine mounts, with strong corrosion resistance; 7075 aluminum alloy has higher hardness and is suitable for connecting shafts between wings and fuselage. It can be quickly assembled with stainless steel bolts.

　　蒙皮材料：氣動與防護兼顧

　　Skin material: Balancing aerodynamics and protection

　　聚酯薄膜厚度 0.05-0.1mm，延展性好，加熱后可貼合復雜曲面，適合低速模型，重量僅 20-30g/m，對配重影響小。

　　Polyester film has a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm, good ductility, and can adhere to complex curved surfaces after heating. It is suitable for low-speed models and weighs only 20-30g/m, with little impact on weight distribution.

　　玻璃纖維布與環氧樹脂組合適用于高速模型，抗風壓能力是聚酯薄膜的 5 倍以上，固化后可實現 0.5mm 內的厚度精度，能還原流線型外觀。

　　The combination of fiberglass cloth and epoxy resin is suitable for high-speed models, with wind pressure resistance more than 5 times that of polyester film. After curing, it can achieve thickness accuracy within 0.5mm and restore streamlined appearance.

　　PVC 發泡板適合機身側面與腹部蒙皮，可激光切割，兼具防水性與緩沖性；聚碳酸酯板（PC 板）抗沖擊性強，適合制作透光座艙蓋，可熱彎成型。

　　PVC foam board is suitable for the side and belly skin of the fuselage, can be laser cut, and has both waterproof and cushioning properties; Polycarbonate board (PC board) has strong impact resistance and is suitable for making transparent cabin covers. It can be hot bent into shape.

　　動力與傳動系統：效率與穩定并重

　　Power and Transmission System: Balancing Efficiency and Stability

　　電機外殼用壓鑄鋁合金，散熱性好，配合釹鐵硼永磁體提供強勁動力，重量功率比達 0.8kW/kg；螺旋槳由高強度尼龍（PA66 + 玻纖）制成，能在 2000-5000r/min 轉速下保持穩定。

　　The motor casing is made of die cast aluminum alloy, with good heat dissipation and strong power provided by neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, with a weight to power ratio of 0.8 kW/kg; The propeller is made of high-strength nylon (PA66+fiberglass) and can maintain stability at speeds of 2000-5000r/min.

　　傳動軸采用鍍鉻 45 號鋼，配合銅基含油軸承實現低摩擦轉動；變距螺旋槳連桿用鈦合金制作，密度僅為鋼的 60%，適應寬溫環境。

　　The transmission shaft is made of chrome plated 45 steel, and is matched with copper based oil containing bearings to achieve low friction rotation; The variable pitch propeller connecting rod is made of titanium alloy with a density of only 60% of steel, suitable for wide temperature environments.

　　電池組包裹耐溫硅膠熱縮管，主線路用耐油硅膠線，可承受 50-100A 大電流；連接器用鍍金銅端子，減少電能損耗。

　　The battery pack is wrapped in heat-resistant silicone heat shrink tubing, and the main circuit uses oil resistant silicone wire, which can withstand high currents of 50-100A; The connector uses gold-plated copper terminals to reduce electrical energy loss.

　　細節部件：功能與仿真結合

　　Detail components: combination of functionality and simulation

　　起落架輪胎用聚氨酯發泡材料，內嵌尼龍纖維，兼顧緩沖與抗變形；剎車片采用酚醛樹脂基復合材料，配合不銹鋼剎車盤實現可靠制動。

　　The landing gear tires are made of polyurethane foam material embedded with nylon fibers, balancing cushioning and deformation resistance; The brake pads are made of phenolic resin based composite materials, combined with stainless steel brake discs to achieve reliable braking.

　　機身標識用水轉印貼紙，耐紫外線老化；駕駛艙部件用光敏樹脂 3D 打印，表面噴啞光漆模擬金屬質感；舷窗框架用 ABS 塑料注塑，經電鍍處理呈現金屬外觀。

　　The body label is printed with water transfer stickers, which are resistant to UV aging; The cockpit components are 3D printed with photosensitive resin, and the surface is sprayed with matte paint to simulate a metallic texture; The porthole frame is made of ABS plastic injection molded and plated to present a metallic appearance.

　　大型航模材質選擇需多維度權衡，新型蜂窩材料與生物基樹脂正推動其向更輕、更強、更高效方向發展，靈活搭配材質是實現功能與仿真的關鍵。

　　The selection of materials for large aircraft models requires multidimensional trade-offs, and new honeycomb materials and bio based resins are driving their development towards lighter, stronger, and more efficient directions. Flexible material matching is the key to achieving functionality and simulation.

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